Integrated circuits (ICs) are assemblies of electronic components that are manufactured as individual units. These are miniaturized active devices (e.g. transistors and diodes) and passive devices (e.g. capacitors and resistors), and they are interconnected on a thin substrate of semiconductor material (usually silicon). The resulting circuit is a small monolithic "chip", with each circuit element being very small in size, perhaps down to a few square centimeters or perhaps even just a few square millimeters.
Where transistors are used, ICs are more important. ICs carry the same transistors because they are produced on the same silicon chip and in the same batch. In discrete electronics, however, it is almost impossible to have two equal transistors.
ICs are much smaller in weight compared to the whole discrete circuit.
The circuits that use them are compact in size because the ICs are so small that it is almost possible to integrate around 20,000 electronic components into a single square-inch IC chip.
Many complex circuits are manufactured in a single chip, so this simplifies the design of complex electronic circuits. It also improves performance.
ICs are highly reliable and can be easily replaced if they are damaged.
They can be produced in large quantities, which makes these products cheaper to produce due to mass production.
Because of their small size, the ICs also consume very little power. As a result, the overall cost is significantly reduced.
The operating speed is high because there is no parasitic capacitive effect.
It is suitable for operation at low signals.
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